Asthma
Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the lungs and breathing. It is very common and
can affect both children and adults. The good news is that with proper treatment, most people with asthma can live normal, active lives.
What Happens In Asthma?
To understand asthma, imagine the airways in your lungs as small tubes that carry air in and
out. In people with asthma, these tubes are extra sensitive.
When exposed to certain triggers:
• The airways become inflamed (swollen inside)
• The muscles around the airways tighten
• Extra mucus (sticky fluid) is produced
This makes the airways narrow, and it becomes harder for air to move in and out of the lungs.
That’s when asthma symptoms appear.
Common Symptoms
Asthma symptoms can vary from mild to severe. They may come and go.
Common symptoms include:
• Wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing)
• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness
• Coughing (especially at night or early morning)
• Difficulty breathing during exercise
Some people only have symptoms occasionally, while others may have daily symptoms.
What Triggers Asthma?
Asthma symptoms usually start after exposure to certain triggers. These can be different for
each person.
Common triggers include:
• Dust
• Pollen
• Pet hair
• Smoke (including cigarette smoke)
• Air pollution
• Cold air
• Exercise
• Strong smells or perfumes
• Respiratory infections (like cold or flu)
Knowing your triggers is very important in controlling asthma.
Who Gets Asthma?
Asthma can affect anyone, but it is more common in:
• People with allergies
• Children
• People with a family history of asthma
• Smokers or those exposed to smoke
• People exposed to pollution
Sometimes asthma starts in childhood and continues into adulthood. In other cases, it begins later in life.
How Is Asthma Diagnosed?
A doctor will ask about symptoms and examine the patient. Breathing tests may be done to
measure how well the lungs are working.
One common test checks how much air you can blow out and how fast you can do it. This
helps confirm asthma.
How Is Asthma Treated?
Asthma cannot be completely cured, but it can be controlled very well.
Asthma cannot be completely cured, but it can be controlled very well.
Treatment usually includes inhalers. Inhalers are small devices that deliver medicine directly
into the lungs.
There are two main types:
1. Reliever Inhaler (Rescue Inhaler)
This works quickly to relax the muscles around the airways. It is used during sudden
symptoms or an asthma attack.
It provides quick relief but does not treat the underlying inflammation.
2. Preventer Inhaler (Controller Inhaler)
This is used daily, even when you feel fine. It reduces inflammation inside the airways and
prevents symptoms from starting.
Many people with asthma need both types.
In severe cases, doctors may prescribe additional medicines such as tablets or stronger
inhalers.
What Is An Asthma Act?
An asthma attack happens when symptoms suddenly become worse.
Signs of a serious asthma attack include:
• Severe shortness of breath
• Difficulty speaking in full sentences
• Chest pulling in with breathing
• Lips or fingers turning blue
• No improvement after using a reliever inhaler
This is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical help.
Living Well With Asthma
With proper care, most people with asthma can:
• Exercise
• Travel
• Play sports
• Live normal lives
Helpful tips include:
• Use inhalers exactly as prescribed
• Learn proper inhaler technique
• Avoid triggers when possible
• Get vaccinated against flu
• Do not smoke
• Keep regular doctor appointments
Can Asthma Be Prevented?
Asthma cannot always be prevented, but you can reduce the risk of attacks by:
• Keeping your home dust-free
• Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
• Managing allergies
• Staying physically active
Final Thoughts
Asthma may sound scary, especially during an attack, but it is a manageable condition.
The key is understanding your triggers, taking medication regularly, and acting quickly when
symptoms appear.
With proper treatment and awareness, people with asthma can breathe easier and enjoy a full, active life.
At Airside Medical Centre, our GP team in Swords, North Dublin is here to provide care, advice, and treatment—even out of hours.
Find us at Airside Medical Centre, 1st Floor Medical Suite, Link Road, Holywell, Swords, Dublin. 
Call us or book online